Source: Family manuscript, c. 1867; transcribed by John Paul Lumpp, 2024 Public Domain
In August 1867, Elizabeth Sarah “Lizzie” Gunn — twenty-one years old, of Sandwich in La Salle County, Illinois — set out with her parents, Aaron Gunn and Nancy Winters Gunn, on a journey east that would keep her from home for six weeks. It was, by her own account, nearly the first time she had ever been away. The route ran from the Illinois prairie to the old Gunn homestead at Montague, Massachusetts; then back west to Gunn and Martindale kin at Kirtland, Ohio; and on to her mother’s Winters relations in Indiana, before the long return to La Salle.
Lizzie kept an entry nearly every day. A devout Baptist, she moves between the plain business of nineteenth-century travel — delayed trunks, missed trains, fares, connections, the “jiggly, juggly washboard” of a country road — and an earnest inner accounting of Sundays kept and souls spoken to. Along the way she records what a family’s geography looked like a generation after it had scattered west: the graveyard at Montague “where lay the Gunns of five generations,” the first Mormon temple at Kirtland, a visit that runs, through the Whitemore family, to the grandparents of Emily Dickinson — a kinship traced more fully in An Interesting Piano, which concerns the very household Lizzie was returning to.
The diary was transcribed by John Paul Lumpp, Lizzie’s great-grandnephew, who added the numbered notes below to identify the people and places she names. The transcription preserves her spelling and phrasing; blanks, dots, and ”(?)” mark words the original hand left uncertain.
Diary of Lizzie Gunn, when on a trip to New England with her parents in 1867.
Sandwich, Illinois — August 14, 1867
Today we left home for our long, long visit, at least it will be so to me for I have been away from home so little. It is a good thing I have Father and Mother with me as a preventative of home-sickness for otherwise I should be subject to it, for in spite of the pleasure of seeing some of the wonders of the world as well as dear friends. There is a pain in leaving home and so many dear ones for so long a time. We found Cousin Brainard1 waiting at the train. He gave us a very cordial reception and conducted us to his very pleasant home where we met with equal warmth from his wife and daughter.2 Attended prayer meeting this evening. It was pleasant to be at a Baptist prayer meeting though I could not be at home. Wrote letters to Cousin Hattie3 and Aunt (?).
Thursday, August 15
Today called on a distant relative living here and then came home with Florence to keep house while the older ones made further calls. I made some little necessary purchases and wrote a letter home and am now ready to start on the journey at 3 o’clock in the morning.
Friday, August 16
Came into Chicago this morning just in time to see the sun rise on the lake. It was a grand sight, and I should not have been contented to leave it if I had not expected to see it again. Found Cousin Hattie4 five squares from the depot, went with her to her home, wrote a letter to Lizzie and spent the time very pleasantly with her until 4:30 p.m. when we started on our way to Hillsdale.
Hillsdale, Michigan — Saturday, August 17
After travelling and waiting for 13 hours we have at length arrived at this beautiful place — far surpassing any we have seen before. On College Hill, the highest point in the city, stands an elegant college building. The school is under the care of the Freewill Baptist denomination, and it is said very successfully carried on. Cousin Elihu has a fine place just north of the college to which we were immediately conducted by him. We took a pleasant walk this afternoon around the place and viewed the city from the college towers. The sight was enchanting, and I could hardly content myself to leave it so soon. Wrote today to Lizzie McBoyle and Frank.
Sunday, August 18th
This has been a lovely day. Attended Presbyterian Church this morning and Baptist this afternoon in the College chapel. Both interesting but I do not feel as if I had properly improved the ______ (?). I have permitted my thoughts to be so wandering and worldly without seeking earnestly enough the blessing of God. I have some fears that the constant change of place and scene will be some tendency to draw my mind away from the more important things of the hidden life.
Monday, August 19th
We are still at Hillsdale. By mistake our trunk was delayed at Chicago and we are quite afraid we shall be obliged to wait some time if we do not lose it altogether. We have no one to blame as it our own carelessness and ignorance but can only respect the old motto “live and learn.” We had intended to go out today and visit Lake Bow Buse5 but were prevented by the rain and instead went through the Commercial College which I thought was quite a fair exchange. I was quite captivated with the goings on generally and would be very glad to take a thorough course myself but probably shall not have that good fortune.
I was particularly interested in the telegraphic operations of which the operator gave us a fair exposition. Received by express today some things that were left behind. They came quite timely as we were obliged to do without our trunk. We are getting to be quite anxious about that now for if it does not come there is no other way but to turn about and go home again. Wrote home today.
Tuesday, August 20th
We were all well pleased to receive our trunk this morning in good order ready to start when we might choose. We accordingly took up our march at two p.m. and proceeded on our way as far as Toledo where we were disappointed to learn it was impossible to secure passage by water to Buffalo and of course were obliged to go by rail.
Wednesday, 21st
Who would think that I, Lizzie Gunn, would see in one day Buffalo, Rochester, Utica, and Albany. But let me say we did not go through it all without our misfortune. Father mistook one station for another and was left by the cars on account of staying longer from the train than he should have done. We were consequently obliged to go on alone to Albany, 75 miles, and wait for him for 3 hours with some anxiety but finally he arrived all safe and sound two hours sooner than we expected, and an hour later found us on our way to Palmer.
Thursday, 22nd
We are at last comfortably settled in old Montague6 after more than a week’s absence from home. It seems more like a month, but I presume I must submit to the declaration of the almanac. We came on the 9½ train and found a multitude of relatives waiting to welcome us and conduct to Uncle Elijah’s7 where the remainder of the day was spent refreshing fading memories of days now gone.
Friday, 23rd
Today has been cloudy and unpleasant but cheerful and agreeable indoors.
Saturday, 24th
It has been pleasanter today and I have taken a stroll down Sawmill River8 to the mineral springs and back by Grandfather’s9 old sugar place and saw the place where “the little boy died” — also many other curiosities such as cranberries and chestnuts growing. I was comforted to get a chance today to wash out all our travelling dirt and get our things nicely done up before Sunday but was obliged on account of an afternoon rain to give up a promised ride to the village.
Sunday, 25th
Today I have been to the old church where Father went when he was but a boy, and old New England style stayed till afternoon service. Walked out this afternoon to the old graveyard where lay the Gunns of five generations. Afterwards I walked on with cousin Hulter(?)10 to her home just above Montague. I am afraid I have not done right for the time was mostly spent in light and unprofitable conversation. I trust someday I shall have a more perfect knowledge of good and evil.
Monday, August 26, 1867
Rode over to the village this morning with Ed — took a pleasant ride — mailed four letters for the Western Country and got back time enough to go in the afternoon to Sugarloaf.11 I could hardly make up my mind to leave the beautiful prospect. I dare not try to describe it; the failure would be so great.
Tuesday, 27th
Today I have been with Hubbard12 to visit Dr. Cobb Museum and spent a very agreeable hour and a half. Made a visit home to go in the afternoon and visit at Uncle Sy Clapps13 and came home to go in the afternoon and visit Mr. Chas Whitemore.14 They live in a beautiful place just on the bank of the river. The boys took me to ride in a boat which was much finer because it was on the old Connecticut. The boys took considerable pains to find a clay stone for a memento.
Wednesday, 28th
Have been today to Turner Falls,15 a grand sight. In the afternoon took tea with Mrs. Apollos Poimir (?).16 Went out to ride with her son Charles [Gunn] and made an engagement to go with him to Mt. Holyoke17 on Friday. On the whole had a very pleasant time.
Thursday, 29th
Spent a very pleasant day at home. Had Uncle Sy Clapps folks to tea and got quite well acquainted with Franc18 of whom I have heard so much. I do pity her most sincerely and love her for her fidelity. I was well pleased with all of the family but would not feel the same nearness that I would if they had been followers of Jesus.
Friday, 30th
I have at last realized my highest anticipation and been to North Hampton19 and Mt. Holyoke. I cannot describe my feelings while viewing from the latter. Such a lovely scene at once so grand and beautiful and stretching over an area of 150 miles variously diversified with all that is picturesque. I was a little troubled by my too attentive company, but I shall forget that in time. And always remember and enjoy the enchanting part … that today has passed before my eyes.
Sunday, September 1st
Our last Sabbath at the old Homestead will forever hold a sacred place in my memory. After the usual Sabbath services a prayer meeting was held there. Old and young were gathered together and to all it was a solemn service. One followed another in earnest supplication … some gave instances of early impressions in which some present were instrumental in bringing them to Jesus. Many were the fervent prayers and tears were mingled with the offerings. Later I talked with Cousin Lincoln20 about his own responsibilities to God. He was completely broken. I never saw one more tender or ready to seek in the Lord’s own way. I deeply felt my insufficiency in seeking to guide him through so critical a place, but I trust that the Lord taught him by his own spirit, and he will yet be a burning and shining light.
Monday, September 2nd
Our last day with Eastern friends has gone. At 5 o’clock we bade them a sad farewell little hoping to meet many of them again in earth. But I do pray earnestly that we may have a glorious meeting beyond this vale of tears.
Tuesday, 3rd
I have at last been on the Great Water.21 We spent most of last night on Long Island Sound. I was delighted with that mode of travelling but met with rather a foolish adventure which I would transcribe now if I were not ashamed to. A friendly widower occupied the seat with me from New York City to Calicoon22 (?) and was very serviceable in pointing out various places of interest. Some of them much better discerned by the aid of his opera glass.
We went through the Tunnels of Bergen Hill23 3/4 mile in length as well as passing various points of interest too numerous to mention. Our route lay for many miles along the Delaware and Susquehanna Rivers; the general scenery was wild and picturesque.
Wednesday, 4th
We have reached Paresselli24 at last and found some very pleasant cousins here. Have spent the day with them and will go out to Uncle Jesse’s tomorrow. If I had been at home today, I should have gone on an excursion to the Mississippi, but I am not and am content with what I have.
Thursday, September 5th
Had an early ride this morning of 8 miles before breakfast. Got acquainted with the cousins at Uncle Jesse’s and liked them better than I thought I should, especially Nat and his wife.25 Went to a Campbellite26 meeting tonight. Was better pleased with their doctrine than I expected to be.
Friday, September 6th
Have been to Geneva27 (?) with Cousin Nat and wife and passed the day again there and at home.
Saturday, 7th — Kirtland,28 Ohio
Everybody seems to take a great deal of pains to please me since I have left home. Went to the lake29 shore this morning. The water was rough, and we had a very merry time. I gathered a few shells in remembrance of the place. Cousin Nat gave me a napkin frame (?) for which I am sincerely thankful. Uncle brought us this afternoon to Aunt Hattie’s.30 We will remain here till Thursday.
Sunday, 8th
Have been today to Kirtland Church. Saw the first Mormon Temple31 erected in 1834 and visited the burying ground where Aunt Lucy32 and twin babies were buried.33 Took tea and spent the evening with Cousin Lucy34 and family.
Monday, 9th
Had a picnic today on Little Mountain.35 Was surprised to find almost a facsimile of the cave I visited one week before on Mt. Toby, Mass.36 50 ft. or more underground and running through the rock several hundred feet. We were obliged at last to retrace our steps for want of a light to go before us. It was so cold and damp that it almost made one feel chilly though it was a very warm day. I received a piece of the rock of which the mountain was formed as a curiosity. I wish that I had brought the same from Toby, for though very unlike they are yet similar. Back home with Cousin Thomas Morby37 and wife and took tea with the same — had the pleasure of making the acquaintance of Ren Brunson and lady. Went home after tea to Aunt Hattie’s with Sharick(?) and back with Bell Marron38 for the night though it was not very … . . (?).
Tuesday, 10th
Today we spent at Aunt Hattie’s. The friends were invited to tea which we enjoyed, of course, and made arrangements to visit Theodore39 in the morning and Lucy40 in the afternoon of the next day.
Wednesday, 11th
We have fulfilled the engagements of yesterday and one thing more which is far more interesting to me. I have succeeded in mastering my backwardness and have talked with Cousin Pliny41 about being a Christian. He is forward to admit all the claims that God has upon him and to acknowledge his own course as very unwise. I can but hope and pray that he is almost persuaded. I must go from here tomorrow; I look for a decided answer before I go. Oh, that my prayers might be earnest and waiting (?).
Thursday, 12th
Again, we have bidden good friends farewell and are hurrying on to others. I have prevailed. Pliny will be a Christian. Today he promised to seek until he found. God has been merciful above what I dared to ask. I need to be earnest and watchful that my faith fails not before my desires are fulfilled. It would be a pleasure to know God has used me, the weakest of his children, to glorify his great name if it was only to induce one little sinner to confess His name before men. It was very close and dusty from Willoughby to Cleveland but after that our journey was pleasant and we reached Fort Wayne42 before midnight.
Friday, 13th
We found it farther to go to St. Mary’s than we had thought and no stage running until tomorrow. We consequently changed our course and came to Bluffton — 25 miles. And I would not prescribe a worse punishment for anyone out of the inquisition than to pay $2.50 at Fort Wayne, take the four-horse hack and ride 25 miles over that jiggly, juggly washboard to Bluffton. We found it a great relief to exchange for a fine double carriage, span of blacks and good roads for three miles further and the end of our journey. Found our friends all well but had not received our letter and were not in the least expecting us. I said, well, that is all but the ague, of which all expect to take a healthy shake every fall.
Saturday, 14th
Have spent the day at home and very industriously. Am well under … at the ruffle that I supposed would have been finished long before this but was hardly begun till a few days since.
Sunday, 15th
Went to Sunday School today at 10 a.m. There was no other service in their little country church. My principles were put to something of a test today. We were swarmed with invitations to spend the afternoon with the various acquaintances of my cousins. One young lady had made her request several days beforehand. Of course, I could not go and had only one excuse: “I do not visit Sundays.” And though it took a little grit to meet their kind invitation so abruptly and frankly, I gave it and think I did right.
The graveyard lay next the church and I saw the graves of Uncle and cousins. Every Sunday but one since I came away from home, I have visited one of these sleeping cities. I certainly should be reminded that “life is fleeting” and take earnest thoughts for a future day. This afternoon has not been as profitably spent as it should have been, but I trust not wholly lost.
Monday, 16th
Today I have spent quietly at home, and it has been an agreeable novelty among the many going days. Tomorrow we shall leave for Uncle Bradley’s.43
Tuesday, 17th
We have had a long, long ride today in the melting heat. Started from Aunt Sallie’s44 at 5-1/2 this morning and with only a short stop at noon travelled till 9 tonight — 15 hours. I feel some tired but not so much as I thought I would. The country is very strange and wild looking for having been settled so long. I don’t know if I could ever content myself to live here. We find Uncle’s folks all well and partly expecting us although we are four days behind our time. The wife45 Uncle now lives with is two years younger than his daughter. I really don’t see how he could get along without her.
Wednesday, 18th
Today Emma46 and Maria47 who came with us and I went to Mr. Selby’s48 to spend the day. I like the girls Allie (?) and Lizzie very much — think it is a great pity they could not live where they could have more advantages. Yes, but I really think the four girls improve the advantages they do have as wisely as anyone I have ever known.
Thursday, 19th
Today the girls bade us farewell. I felt when they went almost as if I never should see them again. Did some necessary washing and with Father and Mother repaired again to Mr. Selby’s. We spent the day as before and are now at Uncle’s ready to start for home on the morrow.
Friday, 20th
Up bright and early — ironed and packed and on our way to Wapercanetta49 in company with Uncle and Aunt. When we got to the station we must wait 7 long hours. It seemed good to get back to a railroad town again. I felt perfectly penned up so far out in the country. I expect to live many days before I am as far from a depot again but 8½50 has come at last and we will be off.
Saturday, 21st
Five o’clock this morning found us in Chicago. Mr. Woodbury51 met us at the train and took us out to his home to breakfast. It was quite a treat to me. I had not seen any of them since I boarded there. I had quite a pleasant time coming down home. Mr. Colby52 came on board and as Father and Mother left at the next station, he kept me company till we came to Ottawa53 where no less a personage than Cousin Albert Durley54 made his appearance and as Sarah Chapman55 had come in before. Of course we had quite a busy time of it until we reached home when the gentlemen helped us off, started on with the train and we saw them no more. I took my baggage to the “City Drug Store” and started for home — met Heman56 on the way — gave him the trunk check and orders to bring what I had left. I quite surprised the folks at home by getting in alone but nevertheless they were, I think, glad to see me especially the babies who seemed to be nearly wild with delight. Pa and Ma arrived at 8½ p.m. Moses met them at the depot and when they reached home, they were as heartily welcomed as I had been. It seems good to get home again. Truly to me, “there is no place like home,” for though I have had such a delightful time I would not like it always. I’m glad I have a home.
Sunday, 22nd
Sunday at home is what I have not enjoyed for six long weeks before. It is what Sunday nowhere else can be and though I have had some unpleasant duties to perform which it would not be wise to commit to paper I have enjoyed the day.
The original transcriber recorded: “Wherever blanks, (?), or dots ( . • . ) appear it means that I could not make it out.”
Lizzie’s journal as presented here was transcribed as faithfully as possible by John Paul Lumpp, the great-grandnephew of Lizzie Gunn. The footnotes were added by Mr. Lumpp to help the reader understand who the named individuals might be. A family chart for the Gunn and Winters families, showing all of Lizzie’s first cousins, aunts, and uncles, accompanies the original. © August 2024.
David Brainard Gunn (1823–1906), son of Elihu P. Gunn and Abigail Hubbard. In 1867 he was living in Somonauk, Illinois. He was born in Franklin. ↩
Wife Hannah (Pratt) Gunn and daughter Florence “Lizzie” Gunn. ↩
Since Lizzie was just setting off on her trip, she was probably writing to her cousin in Montague, Hattie Martindale Gunn, and her mother Rebecca (Ripley) Gunn. Otherwise, she would be writing to her cousin and aunt in Kirtland, Ohio, Hattie Martindale and her mother Hattie Gunn. ↩
There were no cousins living in Chicago at the time. Cousin Hattie may have come from Kirtland, Ohio. ↩
Could be Baw Beese Lake near Hillsdale. ↩
Massachusetts. ↩
Elijah Gunn (1804–1880), Montague City, Massachusetts. Aaron Gunn’s brother. Son of Elihu and Lucy Phelps Gunn. ↩
Sawmill River feeds into the Connecticut River near Montague, Massachusetts. ↩
Elihu Gunn (1763–1851), great-grandfather to Nina Belle Gunn. ↩
Could refer to Huldah E. Pierce (1796–1880). Her daughter Hannah Pratt (1820–1920) was married to (David) Brainard Gunn (1823–1906), son of Elihu Phelps Gunn (1792–1865) and Abigail Hubbard (1794–1827). ↩
Mount Sugarloaf, south of Deerfield, Massachusetts. ↩
Hubbard may refer to Elijah Hubbard Gunn (1823–1906). His mother was Abigail Hubbard and his father was Elihu Phelps Gunn, all of Montague, Massachusetts. Hubbard’s brother was Brainard (see note 1). ↩
Aaron’s brother Jesse Gunn (1794–1879) married Lucy Clapp (1800–1860). “Uncle Sy” was Cyrus Clapp (1808–1885) of Montague City, brother of Lucy Clapp. ↩
Charles Whitemore is the son of Jesse Whitemore and Hannah Gunn (daughter of Nathaniel Gunn (1752–1832) and Hannah Montague (1752–1836)). Hannah Gunn’s sister Lucretia married Samuel Fowler Dickinson. They were the grandparents of poet Emily Dickinson. ↩
Turner Falls is east of Montague City. ↩
“Poimir” does not match anything we have. Apollos Gunn (1788–1867) and Lucy Kinsley Gunn (1799–1884) lived in Montague City and had a son named Charles (1838–1898). ↩
The Mount Holyoke Range is south of Amherst, while Mount Holyoke College is in the town of South Hadley, which is south of the Mount Holyoke Range state park. ↩
“Franc” is Frances B. Clapp, daughter of Uncle Sy Clapp(s). ↩
Northampton — southwest of Hadley, across the Connecticut River. ↩
“Cousin Lincoln” is Lincoln Ripley Gunn (1847–1871) of Montague. He was the son of Elijah Gunn (1804–1880) and Rebecca Ripley (1808–1887). He lived only to the age of 24. ↩
The Atlantic Ocean. ↩
Callicoon, New York, is a small village on the Delaware River founded in 1842. The river separates New York and Pennsylvania. ↩
The Bergen Hill Tunnels are the railroad tunnels running under Bergen Hill, Jersey City, allowing access to the docks on the Hudson River. ↩
This probably should be Perry, Stark County, Ohio, as she makes reference to Uncle Jesse, Aaron Gunn’s brother. ↩
“Cousin Nat and his wife” refers to Jesse’s son Nathaniel B. Gunn (b. 1837) and his wife Dianthus Weeks Gunn (1849–1909). Dianthus died in a house fire. There is no record of Nat’s death or burial; it occurred between 1898, when he purchased land, and 1909, the date of his widow’s death. ↩
“Campbellite” is a mildly pejorative term for adherents of certain religious groups with historic roots in the Restoration Movement, whose most prominent 19th-century leaders were Thomas and Alexander Campbell. ↩
Geneva, Ohio, is about 12 miles east of Perry. ↩
Kirtland, Ohio, is about 17 miles southwest of Perry. Kirtland was the early headquarters of the Latter Day Saint movement from 1831 to 1837 and the site of the movement’s first temple, completed in 1836. ↩
Lake Erie. ↩
“Aunt Hattie” is Harriet Gunn Martindale (1797–1888) of Kirtland, Ohio. She was born in Montague, Massachusetts. Her husband was Timothy D. Martindale (1795–1859), born in Greenfield, Massachusetts. ↩
The Kirtland Temple was dedicated in 1836. ↩
Lucy Clapp, Jesse Gunn’s wife. ↩
Lucy Clapp Gunn was buried in 1860 at Perry Township Cemetery in Perry, Ohio. It is uncertain who the twin babies were. ↩
Lucy Gunn (1827–1919), married to James Dana Coolidge. ↩
Little Mountain is the highest point in Lake County, Ohio. A hotel built there in 1831 became a popular resort for Clevelanders. It was torn down in 1925. ↩
Mount Toby (1,269 feet) is the highest summit of a collection of mostly wooded hills in the towns of Sunderland and Leverett, Massachusetts, just east of the Connecticut River. ↩
“Thomas Morby” should be Thomas Morley (1828–1903). He married Lucy Martindale (1837–1898), the daughter of Harriet Gunn (1797–1889) and Timothy D. Martindale (1795–1859). Harriet Gunn was the daughter of Elihu Gunn and Lucy Phelps, the parents of Jesse and Aaron Gunn. ↩
“Sharick(?)” and “Bell Marron” are probably mistakes in the original transcription. ↩
Theodore Martindale (1828–1895), son of Timothy and Harriet Gunn Martindale. Grandson of Elihu and Lucy Phelps Gunn. ↩
Lucy Martindale (1837–1898), sister of Theodore. ↩
“Cousin Pliny” is Pliny Martindale (1831–1899), brother of Theodore and Lucy Martindale, second child of Timothy and Harriet “Aunt Hattie” Gunn Martindale. ↩
The distance from Cleveland to Fort Wayne is about 200 miles. They probably travelled by train, as it took only a day. ↩
William Bradley Winters (1803–1871) of Owen, Indiana. He is Nancy Winters Gunn’s brother. ↩
“Aunt Sallie” could be Sarah Ann Winters (1805–1873) of Bluffton, Indiana, sister to Bradley Winters. “Sallie” was a common pet name for Sarah in the day. She was married to her distant cousin William Prillaman. ↩
Uncle Bradley’s fourth wife was Elizabeth Hanna Middleton (1815–1884). They married in Owen County, Indiana. ↩
Emma Prillaman, daughter of Aunt Sallie Winters Prillaman. ↩
Maria Prillaman, daughter of William Bradley Winters. ↩
No reference found for “Mr. Selby” or the girls “Allie” and “Lizzie.” The name “Selby” does not appear in the census records for Owen County, Indiana. ↩
Unable to find a town in Indiana or Illinois that comes close. Lizzie describes it as a “railroad town,” but nothing with a similar name appears on contemporary or 1870s maps. Could be a transcription error; there is the town of Wapakoneta in Ohio. ↩
8½ = 8:30 p.m. ↩
No details are known as to who Mr. Woodbury might be. ↩
No details are known as to who Mr. Colby might be. ↩
Ottawa, Illinois, is about 13 miles east of La Salle — the station where Lizzie and her family would have stopped to catch a carriage to La Salle. ↩
Albert Winters Durley (1841–1914) is the son of Williamson and Elizabeth Winters Durley. Elizabeth Winters is the sister of Nancy Winters. ↩
Sarah Elizabeth Chapman (1841–1906) is the daughter of Sylvester Marsh Chapman (1812–1903) and Elizabeth Spencer, originally of New York. ↩
Heman Baldwin Chapman (1843–1904) is the brother of Sarah Elizabeth Chapman. Heman married Lucy Gunn (1841–1909) in 1868 in La Salle; he is therefore Lizzie’s brother-in-law. ↩